cigarettes and crohn's Divergent Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Innate Immunity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nicotine-Infection Interaction Smoking and Crohn's Disease -

The finding of increased nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG in HBE cells from smokers compared to non-smokers suggests it may play a role in smoke-related lung diseases

That's where smoking vs vaping becomes a lifestyle question as much as a pharmacology one

however, just because its marketed as an alternative doesnt mean its healthy. Ive had a lot of people tell me that they have succeeded in quitting smoking using e-cigarettes, mainly because you can reduce the overall amount of nicotine while still smoking. You can purchase different nicotine levels which allows you to get less nicotine each time you smoke (kind of like smoking half of a traditional cigarette instead of a full one)

The researchers reached the conclusion after a retrospective analysis of data on 50,000 Americans ages 25 to 45, compiled between 2002 and 2015 by the National Survey of Family Growth